Cancer Can Be Avoided

Being one of the longest prevailing diseases without a cure, cancer has claimed the lives of many people not only in the South Pacific but the world and has left many families destitute and traumatized. Cancer with its variety and names depending on the area of the body affected has led to an unpredictable increase in number of deaths in a society’s census affecting the population by the bulk each year. This essay will argue that cancer can be avoided and intends to list and describe ways in which it can be reduced to a minimum. The essay will unfold in two parts. Firstly it will elaborate on the causes of cancer. Then it will briefly state solutions to help combat cancer. Cancer is the result of abnormal cell growth and is caused when a normal body cell does not function properly. The cell grows and divides uncontrollably without dying out finally becoming cancerous and a tumor results and symptoms vary depending on where the cancer is situated in the body. However, the cell does not become dysfunctional on purpose instead they are the result of many unhealthy choices made by individuals, thus the intentions in the first part of this essay is to briefly give detailed explanation on causes of cancer. To begin with, research has shown that there are substances which are directly related to cancer. Substances known as carcinogens are found to provoke the cells typical function and investigations have found that exposure to these substances induce chances of getting cancer. These substances include â€Å"Tobacco, asbestos, arsenic, radiation such as gamma and x-rays, the sun, and compounds in car exhaust fumes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ † (Medical News Today, 2012, p. 2). In addition, carcinogens are practically found everywhere from cosmetics to everyday useable items, these toxins are essentially ubiquitous consequently intensifying chances of getting cancer. However, there are those individuals with bad habits such as smoking and over consume alcohol, their choices evidently lead to cancer and eventually impact their families. Furthermore, it has been proven that age is directly proportional to cancer. Older individuals are more susceptible to cancer compared to younger individuals in a society. Therefore age is vital when considering factors for the prevalence of cancer. â€Å"As we age, there is an increase in the number of cancer causing mutations in our DNA. This makes age an important risk factor for cancer. † (Medical News Today, 2012, p. 2). Viruses also play a role in causing cancer. Cancer caused by viruses is common in Pacific Island nations and the undeviating result of this problem is an increase in mortality rate and a decrease in life expectancy amongst pacific societies. According to Mr. Joe Tooma, Chief Executive Officer of the Australian Cervical Cancer Foundation, ‘in the Solomon Islands, cervical cancer is the number one cancer killer of woman†¦.. Almost all cervical cancer has been shown to be caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Several other viruses such as HIV, Epstein-Barr virus which causes cancer common amongst children and hepatitis B and C which results in lung cancer have been identified to have an association with cancer. These viruses â€Å"suppresses or weakens the immune system- inhibits the body’s ability to fight infections and increases chances of developing cancer† (Medical News Today, 2012, p. 2). In addition to this fact, according to Mr. Tooma it is predicted that ‘four out of five people all around the world will be exposed to HPV in their lifetime. ’ This is a very alarming figure and if society is not aware, the prediction may become reality. Although cancer is a possible threat to human existence, there are preventative measures that can be followed to reduce the problem. These measures include a healthy diet and lifestyle, good habits, regular checkups to clinics and vaccination. Firstly, a healthy diet and lifestyle is vital and should be considered in an attempt to avoid cancer. A balanced meal with the right nutritional value will do more than just keep an individual fit, it will also reduce chances of getting cancer â€Å"since what we eat has been linked to the disease† (Medical News Today, 2012, p. 3). Maintaining a garden is recommended as it does not only provide fresh healthy meals but at the same time it keeps an individual fit due to physical efforts put into looking after the garden. Older individuals should keep to a daily routine that involves exercise for at least thirty minutes, as they are more susceptible to cancer. However, having a garden will not be feasible for some families especially for those in urban areas who are only confined to the walls of their house or face restrictions due to tenancy policy. But, innovations such as flower pots and possibly an agreement with landlords can help solve this issue. Secondly, ridding of bad habits such as smoking and over consumption of alcohol will considerably lower the possibility of developing cancer. Studies show that â€Å"choosing not to smoke tobacco or drink alcohol significantly lowers the risks of several types of cancer- most notably lung, throat, mouth and liver cancer. † (Medical News Today, 2012, p. 3). Finally, regular checkups and vaccination is a necessary tool in avoiding and curing cancer. Victims have an opportunity to achieve remission through the use of services such as Pap smear tests, mammograms and testicular self-examinations. â€Å"†¦ research has proven that by finding cancer early at stage 1 or 2, there is a 90 percent survival rate. However, finding cancer late at stages 3 or 4 drops the survival rate to 10-20 percent†. (Fiji Cancer Society, 2007, p. 1). Purchasing of instruments to help aid in identifying damaged cells can also be a way for organization to reduce cancer rates. Instruments like colonoscope would be obliging as it would â€Å"assist in the early detection and treatment of bowel and intestinal cancers. †(Vanuatu Daily Post Newspaper, 2012, p. 1). In addition to this fact, introductions of vaccines such as the anti-cervical cancer vaccine to combat against the HPV virus that causes cervical cancer in women. There are also vaccines present that prevent viruses such as the hepatitis B or C virus from affecting its host. However, there are cases where it is difficult to give effective treatment or the cancer cannot be cured due to genetic predisposition in DNA that is inherited from parents. But that is the whole point of having a regular check up, in order to minimize damages the cancer has done to the body and through government aids, individuals with inherited genetic predisposition n their DNA could be helped by making access to medical services convenient to them. It is evident that cancer cannot be fully eradicated however; preventative measures can be taken to reduce the chances of developing cancer. The preceding measures stated in the contents of this essay can only be fulfilled when individuals are cautious of their choices and are aware of the impact their decisions will have on society, their family and most importantly themselves.

A Bend in the River

A Bend in The River is a book published by V.S. Naipaul in 1979. The novel is set in Zaire during the rule of Mobutu Sese Seka in the late 1960s and early 1970. The country nor its president are ever mentioned but many commentators agree that it is in fact Zaire.This period was one of great social and political upheaval in Zaire, later known as the Democratic Republic of Congo. There were armed coups, political machinations, guerilla rebellions, urban riots, rural massacres and widespread social reforms. Against this backdrop, the transformation of Salim is presented. External sources are one in saying that Salim transformed from a propertied and upright man into a poor scoundrel because of the environment he was thrust in. I am in agreement with this.â€Å"The tall lilac-coloured flower had appeared only a few years before, and in the local language there was no word for it. The people still called it ‘the new thing' or ‘the new thing in the river,' and to them it was a nother enemy. Its rubbery vines and leaves formed thick tangles of vegetation that adhered to the river banks and clogged up waterways. It grew fast, faster than men could destroy it with the tools they had. The channels to the villages had to be constantly cleared.Night and day the water hyacinth floated up from the south, seeding itself as it travelled.† This except from the book can be taken as a simple botanical statement, yet in the subtle mind of Naipaul this simple botanical fact suggests a broader truth in relation to the life of Salim. It will be a foreshadowing of the creeping corruption that will rend Salim’s soul.In the beginning of the novel, Salim is an Arab-African of Indian descent who comes from a lapsed Muslim family that has resided in eastern Africa for generations. However, Salim sees no future for himself or for his culture along the east African coast. He also has a bit of an inferiority complex, in chapter two he says he left English language sch ool when he was 16 not because he was not smart enough to graduate but because no one in his family went to school beyond 16.He decides to travel to the interior of the Continent. However, because of the chaos prevalent in those days his trip takes a full week and Salim paid bribes to many people to facilitate his travels. Family friend Nazruddin had sold him sundries and supply store which he discovers is a mess. and travels to the interior of the African Continent to start a new life.At this stage he still has high hopes and aspirations for a better life. He eventually arrives along a town at a town along the bend of the river, this is likely based on the river Kisangani, there he is joined by his servant Metty and he establishes his business. Salim quickly gains a regular customer in Zabeth the merchant.Zabeth is an authentic African who is in touch with the tribal ways, she uses charms and potions to defend from evil yet is easily able to enter the modern world. By comparison he r son Ferdinand is a through and through ‘modern’ African who is in the process of being educated in the modern ways. Since Zabeth is his friend Salim takes an interest in watching over the boy as he grows up.Clearly in the beginning of the novel, Salim is a man of some property and he is also an upright and moral person despite his lack of faith in his religion.However Salim is trapped in a rather miserable environment, the post colonial environment he resides in is a no-man’s land. There are European Intellectual advisers, mercenaries, profiteers and other Third World flotsam and jetsam who populate the land.These people and the environment of rebellions and repression will slowly degrade Salim as he loses his properties and his integrity in the mounting chaos. By the end of the novel Salim’s transformation is complete when he notes in page 36-7 that even Natives have become exiles in their own country, so can become exiles in their own country when life itself is lived at the whims of the ruler.This descent from propertied upright man to improvished scoundrel happens gradually. It begins for our man living along the bend of the river with Bigburgers. This is the name of the place where the prominent members of the local society meet. It is also the name of a large hamburger which Salim, descendant of fastidious Indian immigrants, describes the Bigburger as â€Å"smooth white lips of bread over mangled black tongues of meat† Here is where Salim goes regularly and strikes acquaintances with the locals.In the beginning the town is admirable in its simplicity. The Villagers descend from the bush to sell monkey meat to the steamer passengers. Then they turn around and use it to buy pots, cloths and razor blades from the shops. The shop owners can then go to Bigburgers for their meals. Salim for his part moves his sundry and supplies store and converts it into a dry-goods store, he bought the place cheap because the revolution de pressed real estate values. Lucky for him he catches on to the economic boom that occurs shortly after he arrived.Soon the jingoistic â€Å"Big Man’s† misrule takes its toll on his prosperity. Father Huisman, a Belgian priest who taught at the school where Ferdinand studies is depressed at his relative wealth compared to the young Africans who must eat caterpillars just to sate their hunger.He decides to leave but dies before he can go. In chapter 6 the town becomes a thriving marketplace. However the lack of urban planning, since the â€Å"Big man† has neglected the town, leads to squatters who have no homes and just throw their garbage out the door creating a big hill of garbage making the town stink.In chapter nine Indar talks about his life to Salim, Indar reveals how in the past he too was idealistic and appreciated nature in all its beauty. His visit to London changed him greatly, he became London-centric in a sense believing that all other life was false and London was the true life.Indar was so in love with London that he wanted to stay there for good. However, he had a change of heart and after graduating from college he already had a cynical view of life. He now thinks only of himself and cares little for the greater world around him. Little do we know that Indar is a foreshadowing of Salim’s fate.By chapter 13 things are really going bad for Salim as well. He is now intimately involved with a woman named Yvette who in the past was seduced by Raymond. Before, he derided Mahesh as a half man because of his devotion to his wife.Now he is doing exactly the same thing with Yvette seeing the world based on how it would affect their relationship. After the Youth Guard is disbanded in chapter 14, things get even worse. The police are harassing everyone thinking them to be rebels, supposedly, in fact they are merely trying to extort money from everyone they suspect still has any.â€Å"The world is what it is; men who are nothing, who allow themselves to become nothing, have no place in it.† Reads the first sentence of page one. It summarizes, Naipaul’s rather cynical world view and the thesis of his book. In the end Salim casts doubt upon the validity and legitimacy of the historical documents from which he draws his identity.Despite all the turmoil he sees around him his friend Raymond, a historian, can be seeing painting a rosy picture of the events. He asks himself if it were possible that his own past had been manipulated too?This crisis is the last straw that breaks the camels back. With his present in ruins and his future bleak, Salim finds that his past is also a sham. This is too much to bear, following his trip to Europe and seeing that even Europe is not the paradise it was made up to be Salim returns having lost all hope in the world.   

I will attach the document Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

I will attach the document - Essay Example In an event, the pressure exerted on the nerve becomes colossal to trouble the role of the ulnar nerve; numbness may be experience in a number of segments on the arm such as the fingers. When the peripheral median nerve that extends towards the palm, happens to squeezed at the wrist, carpal tunnel syndrome comes about. The stress on the wrist results into an agonizing swelling, which in turn hinder feeling in the hand. Body tendons may swell because of several causes and the stroke of lugging the muscle turn out to be painful. When the normal plane-gliding movement of the tendon is injured, the tendon becomes painful and movements upset. This state indicates a condition known as tendonitis. Pronation denotes the turning motion of the forearm via the radioulnar joint, or on the bottom of the leg at the subtalar and talocalcaneonavicular lower limb joints in the field of anatomy. During the normal standing posture, pronation-turning motion shifts the palm of the right upper appendage anti-clockwise and clockwise for the left forearm from a superiorly vision. Flexion denotes to the pose made possible by the joint, which decrease twist in anatomical terms. The muscles and the bone structures of the human body work in harmony and move the joints, to take a flexed position. For instance, the elbow part of the fore appendages is bent when the hand is gets closer to the shoulder or the body trunk may be bent in the direction of the legs. Rotation illustrates the spherical movement of a body around a position of a circular motion. In ergonomics, rotation is observed in the movement of the forelimbs and the head. In ergonomics, a three-dimensional object turns around a rotation alignment. If the rotation alignment is contained by an entity, and go through the entity’s center of dimension the entity is said to turn around upon itself. Supination contrasts pronation and denotes to the position

Company Law and its results Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Company Law and its results - Case Study Example In this case Jamal is not only the director but also is the shareholder of the company. The intended resolution brought by Jamal relating to payment of dividend and his dislike on the style of management reflects the oppression of the minority by the majority represented by Boss and Harris. As has been decided in the above case, when a wrong is committed to a company, only the company is the proper person to bring an action for damage. Since the directors control the company and it is the directors whose conduct is the issue now, only the shareholders have to bring an action in the name of the company. There are certain rules established in the case of Foss v Harbottle. They are: 2. The second rule relates to 'internal management' of the company where the action complained of is something which the majority is entitled to then the action for legal remedy can be brought by the majority only. Relevant cases are: Jamal may not be in a position to bring any action against the remaining directors as the company is the only proper person for taking action against the directors. According to the second rule laid down in Foss v Harbottle since Boss and Harris represent the majority, only they are entitled to bring action if any for remedy. The complaint from Jamal does not fall within the exceptions to the rule laid down in Foss v harbottle as there is no apparent fraud committed by Harris and Boss representing the majority. Issue 2: Resolution brought by Boss and Harris for the removal of Jamal as a director Answer: It is possible that a company by ordinary resolution remove a director before the end of his period of office. Such an action may be brought under section 303 of the Companies Act 1985 notwithstanding anything contained in the Articles of Association of the company or anything contained in any agreement between the company and the director. The removal of a director under section 303 will not deprive the director of his right for compensation or damages payable in respect of the termination of his appointment as director. The director will also be entitled to his right of compensation in respect of the termination of any other appointment. It is obligatory for the company to issue a special notice of the resolution intended to be passed in the general meeting for the removal of a director or to appoint another in the place of the director removed at the meeting in which the director is so removed. Under section 304 on receipt of the notice of an intended resolution to remove a director under

Conflict Resolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conflict Resolution - Essay Example Conflicts between employees, small groups of employees, or employee unions and employers are manageable because of existence of recognized frameworks that each party can resort to for resolution. Conflicts however threatens an organization’s sustainability when none of the involved parties are willing to be involved in a resolution and existing resolution frameworks are perceived to be incredible. Such was the conflict situation that I experienced in one of my former work environments. The organization had a strong internal workers organization that served both as a union and as a welfare organization. This identified diversified interest from both employees and the organization’s management. Politics among employees led to polarized alignment with two major opposing groups as the union headed for its elections. Incumbent union leaders were seeking reelection but their main rivals had accused them of working with the management to embezzle union funds and undermine empl oyees’ rights. The political environment became more polarized as rumors spread that the organization’s management was planning to influence elections results in order to retain the incumbent office. An unidentified group, in masks, then invaded the pooling station, disrupted counting of votes, and physically abused electoral officials. A massive protest then followed this on claims that the management had interfered with the election results to favor the incumbent office. The opposing group of aspirants then mobilized employees to sabotage work and threatened violence and destruction of the organization’s property if the management failed to either recognize them as leaders, or organized for fresh elections that had to be free and fair. Cause of the conflict The problem in the case was a conflict between the organization’s management and the employees’ fraternity who believed that the organization was misusing its powers to retain a weak leadershi p that it could continue manipulating in order to exploit employees. The problem identifies a conflict involving three groups in the organization. Employees did not like the way their leadership was managed and the relationship between their incumbent leaders and the organization’s management. This difference in management of the union developed a disagreement between a large percentage of employees on one side, and the management and the incumbent leaders on the other sides with support from some employees who were accused of being beneficiaries of the management’s influence, or of being cowardice. This difference polarized the political environment into the elections and was therefore a cause of the resultant conflict between the employees who sabotaged the organization’s operations, and the management. Perceived management’s direct involvement in interfering with the election results is another identifiable cause of the conflict. The organized demonstr ation was, however, the immediate cause of the conflict that involved a disagreement between the administration and employees. Employees accused the organization’s management of exploiting them and using their leaders to suppress their possible opposition, and demanded that their choice leaders be given an opportunity, and the management stops oppressing them. Approach to resolving the conflict The management, of which I was part, applied an authoritarian approach to resolvi

Internal Communication Between Managers and Employee Research Paper

Internal Communication Between Managers and Employee - Research Paper Example For the success of a communication in an organization, therefore, managers need to implement plans that will ensure that employees are free to give their ideas, which can be constructive to the organization. In establishing a communication, people can achieve proper communication especially in their processes of introducing a new product into the market. Different stakeholders need to play their parts in the whole process so that they can be accountable for all the things they do regardless of the result of it all. In the same way, different organization managements use various media, which include; websites, social media, TV, radio, brochures, gift cards and email to reach the intended targets to communicate. With effective methods of communication, organizations address the different needs they have through intensive consultation between the members of the management team and employees. Sometimes the methods of communication adopted by the managers or the employees adopted may not be effective and therefore, training is required to enhance proper communication between them. This training also needs to be evaluated to ensure that it gives all the trainees the necessary skills they can use to present ideas to the people they intend. The method of data collection in the process of acquiring the data that is analyzed was primary data collection in which managers and employees were interviewed. The process also included the collection of data through observation of the behavior of different participants in relation to the different conduct when relating to each other. Analysis of Internal communication between managers and employee The process of analysis of internal communication between employees and managers involved three levels to ensure total coverage of all the different areas of the communication between them.

The Economy, Global Finance, and Inequality Research Paper

The Economy, Global Finance, and Inequality - Research Paper Example The Economy, Global Finance, and Inequality Introduction After the 9/11 attacks, America realized that it could not trust anyone entering her borders. In response to the terrorist attacks, U.S. immediately began to develop an aggressive foreign policy. Resulting from the attacks, George Bush increased spending on defense and focused on protecting the country against future attacks (Wright, 2007). Changes in strategies, which focused on cracking down terrorists, were established; for example, the Department of Homeland Security was developed. This ensured safety of citizens and promoted domestic peace. The country also began investigations of illegal immigrants entering its borders. In addition, America also strengthened ties with Japan, Pakistan, and India. Change in the U.S. foreign policy was directed towards protecting businesses and citizens and defeating terrorist groups. The 9/11 attacks refer to a sequence of four suicide attacks which were committed in the U.S. on 11th Septem ber, 2001. The attacks were coordinated to strike Washington D.C. and New York City (Gow, 2002). The attacks were done by 19 terrorists from the terrorist group known as al-Qaeda, which is an Islamist militant group. During the attacks, the terrorists hijacked four jets carrying passengers. The group intentionally piloted two of the planes into the Twin Towers, making the towers collapse. This destroyed the World Trade Center complex located in the New York City. The group also directed American Airlines Flight 77 to the Pentagon in Virginia. However, the group’s intention to direct the fourth plane to a target in Washington failed after the plane crashed near Shanksville when its passengers tried to take control of the plane (Wyndham, 2011). The attacks led to deaths of approximately 3000 people: all the passengers boarding the four planes died together with all the 19 hijackers, and 227 civilians died from the attacks. Osama, the leader of the terrorist group, admitted resp onsibility for the attacks after several investigations. Osama and his group gave the United States reasons for establishing the 9/11 attacks. Some of the reasons for the attacks include support of Israel by the U.S, the existence of U.S. army in Saudi Arabia, and U.S. sanctions against Iraq (Bodden, 2007). The United States responded to the 9/11 attacks through initiating the war on terror policy and invading Afghanistan with a mission of disposing the Taliban, who had harbored al-Qaeda. The attacks made most countries strengthen their antiterrorism laws and develop law enforcement powers (Scott, 2007). Political and Non-State Actors Both political and non-state actors were involved in one way or another during the event of 9/11. The political actors involved include the president and the Congress. The president during the event was George Bush, who reacted to the event with a lot of aggressiveness. The president played a role during the event through acting swiftly in addressing t he issue of rescue and recovery. The president addressed the issue through setting up relief funds which assisted the victims of the attacks (Wyndham, 2011). The relief funds provided financial assistance to several survivors of the attacks and to the different families of the victims. The president also played a role in guiding the Congress in amending changes,

Play analy Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Play analy - Movie Review Example During the divorce process she meets more women in the same boat with her. The husband marries the gold digger and Mary decides to move on but she later realizes how unhappy the ex husband is and decides to fight for him. In this paper I will try explain and portray critically the different characteristics and function of each actor. All through the play there is no presence of a male figure although they are talked about often. The main theme is the relationship of the women with men and with themselves as portrayed by one character, Nancy Blake who is single and likely a bi-sexual and she is a feminist who is direct and unemotional. The props showed a lot of attention to detail for example only female figures is embodied and even the pets in the play are all females apart from the bull drawing in the magazine Peggy reads before lunch in Mary’s house. The film color of black and white shows the originality and the time the play was created since it is old. Mary Haines is a contented, faithful and cheerful wife of Stephen and has a daughter little Mary. She is in her middle 30 and has appositive outlook towards marriage. Crystal is in her middle 20s she is single, enticing, deceitful, disrespectful, manipulative and ambitious. She is the gold digger married to Stephen and she is a fragrance salesperson. She is also unfaithful. Mrs. Morehead is 55 the mother of Mary who is a widow, traditional and wise. Mrs. Fowler is a gossiper, selfish, and inconsiderate lady who is married to Howard and have two children. Mrs. Day or Peggy is 25 who is married to John has no kids but she longs for one. She is the type of lady who has cash but she complains. She is sympathetic and awkward. Mrs. Potter is a dull non confrontational house wife who does not like children. She has sexual tendencies. Finally Countess De Lage is an outgoing hopeless romantic who has been divorced four times. There are three themes, the ideal woman who takes care and depend fully on

Toyota Motor Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Toyota Motor Corporation - Essay Example The satisfaction with the existing quality offered has made these organizations try and improve the product quality by way of incorporating various quality management techniques in the production process (James, Rowland-Jones and O’Brien, 2009). As a result, researchers over the years have introduced a wide range of competing perspectives, each different from the other in terms of analytical frameworks and various terminologies. However, the foundation of each theory is the same; establishing a relationship between product quality and pricing strategy of the organization. The five important approaches towards quality management are as follows: Transcendent Approach: According to this view, quality of a product is associated with its innate excellence. It is universally acceptable and an absolute concept that deals with uncompromising standards and high levels of achievement. Nonetheless, proponents of the transcendent view are of the opinion that quality is an un-measurable concept and is better defined as the recognition of the product through experience or repeat usage of the consumers (Slack, Chambers and Johnson, 2004; Arnheiter and Harren, 2006). Product based Approach: The product based definition regards quality as a measurable and precise concept. The differences in quality of a product can be attributed to that in quantity of the ingredients used in its production, thereby resulting in faulty attributes of the output. For example, a high-quality rug or mattress would have a larger number of knots per square inch. Hence, this approach gives a hierarchical or vertical dimension to quality by providing ranks to goods based on their number of favorable attributes. This approach has been incorporated in the theoretical models of economics (Namkung and Jang, 2007). The two corollaries of this approach are; firstly, the higher cost is incurred while attaining higher quality as quality reflects the number of favorable ingredients used in the process of production.

Reasons to Quit Smoking Cigarettes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reasons to Quit Smoking Cigarettes - Essay Example Smoking cigarettes is a vice that introduces harmful substances into the body. Thousands of people die day globally on a daily basis because of the hazardous effects of smoking a feature that validates that smoking is a harmful act. Smoking poses a number of health risks to both the smoker and non-smokers around those who smoke. Smoking is, therefore, an unsafe practice and a leading cause of preventable deaths as the discussion below portrays. Â  Smoking is a form of introducing foreign participles into the body. Introducing particles in such sensitive organs of the body as the lungs are a dangerous process given the difficulty in cleaning and reversing the effects of such particles. Smoking cigarettes contribute to the development of more than fifty health complications in the body. Some of such conditions are always fatal while others are irreversible and long-term damages in some of the most vital internal and external organs. Medical researchers have for example proven that Smoking increases the chances of lung cancer by more than 90%. The introduction of the foreign particles is likely to enhance the growth of cancerous cells. Besides causing lung cancer, doctors attribute smoking to the development of cancer in several other body parts including the lips, throat, kidney, bladder, pancreas, and stomach among others (Crawford 71). Â  Numerous people have given various reasons for justifying smoking, especially among young people. Among such reasons is the claim that smoking enhances acceptance among peers. Some people have given a number of medical excuses explaining that smoking helps relieve stress.

Suicide Among the Elderly Around the Holidays Essay Example for Free

Suicide Among the Elderly Around the Holidays Essay Based on statistics, there is one elderly suicide committed every ninety minutes and this percentage relates to the age group of 65 years and above (National Mental Health Information Center). Suicide among the older people is growing rampantly. There are a number of reasons for committing suicide, and this ranges from depression to alcohol or substance abuse. This testimony becomes very helpful to not only Americans but to everyone in the world. Because of this testimonial, many are made aware of the truth or causes of why the elderly starts to think of taking their lives. Baby Boomer Care. (2007). â€Å"Why Do The Elderly Commit Suicide? † Retrieved June 5, 2010, http://www. babyboomercaretaker. com/senior-health/Why-do-the-Elderly-Commit-Suicide. html It has been accounted that statistically, there are more suicidal attempts and acts among the elderly than the teen and younger adults. Living in isolation, depression due to loss of a loved one, physical health, inability or difficulty to cope with crisis and stress are the usual causes and reasons our elderly perform suicidal attempts and actions. Having this information makes us wary and aware of the causes and reasons of such actions. â€Å"Elders who are at a high risk of suicide usually show certain behavioral and personality traits such as higher dependency, being overcome by an intense sense of helplessness and hopelessness, possess poor crisis management abilities, are extremely irritability, and demonstrate a certain degree of antisocial behavior (Baby Boomer Care). † Suicide Among the Elderly During the Holidays Lawson, W. (2003). â€Å"Holiday Suicide Myth. † Retrieved June 5, 2010, form http://www. psychologytoday. com/articles/200401/holiday-suicide-myth Although there have been many speculations and stories that most suicides happen during the holidays or winter season, this surmise is nothing but a hypothesis or a hunch and is considered as a myth. In fact, researchers and statistics express that suicidal acts and attempts of elders drops and declines during the holiday season. McIntosh, J. (2003). â€Å"Suicide and the Holidays: Myths and Facts† Retrieved June 5, 2010, form http://www. medicinenet. com/script/main/art. asp? articlekey=54647 Suicidal attempts are unlikely to happen during the winter season or Holidays. Old people take their lives on the basis of loneliness, stress of losing a love one, depression and isolation. During the holidays, people are surrounded by family, relatives and friends. This is a â€Å"season of giving. † And when we are surrounded and with friends and family, we are most able to socialize and express our feelings. In the case of the older people, ranging from 65 years and above, this is the time that they are unlikely to be left alone with their thoughts and memories of the past. Thus, suicide during the holidays a myth and an assumption. McIntosh, J. Phd (2008). â€Å"How to Help A Suicidal Older Men and Women. † Retrieved June 5, 2010, form http://www. healthyplace. com/depression/suicide/how-to-help-a-suicidal-older-men-and-women/menu-id-68/ â€Å"The causes of elderly suicide are treatable and suicide is preventable. Risk Factors for elderly suicide and how to help suicidal seniors (McIntosh, 2008). † Suicide among the elderly is a given fact and it is not a hypothetical topic to talk about, it really is happening at our present date. However, the reasons and causes of suicide may be treated and prevented. Old people who are suicidal usually experience pain, whether physical or emotional. They also may be feeling distressed and dissatisfied with their current life situations. There is a growing rate of 50 percent of suicidal actions from the older people. There is a way to help and prevent suicide from happening. If we look and pay much attention to the signs and symptoms we may be able to help these people from committing suicide. Nuys, D. V. PhD. (2009). â€Å"An Interview with Thomas Joiner, Ph. D. on Why People Commit Suicide. † Retrieved June 5, 2010, from http://www. mentalhelp. net/poc/view_doc. php? type=docid=29060 Suicide is a growing public health problem today. Suicide is one of the results and outcome of having mental disorders. Suicide is a common product of depression, stress and loneliness. Though this is a fact, this is controllable. Feeling and being depressed, stressed and lonely can always be managed. Having a positive mind and trying to be active in spite the old age will greatly help decrease the number of people committing suicide. Bibliography: Rosenberg, M. (1996). â€Å"Testimony on Suicide Among Older Americans. † Retrieved June 5, 2010, from http://www. hhs. gov/asl/testify/t960730a. html Baby Boomer Care. (2007). â€Å"Why Do The Elderly Commit Suicide? † Retrieved June 5, 2010,from http://www. babyboomercaretaker. com/senior-health/Why-do-the-Elderly-Commit-Suicide. html National Mental Health Information Center. (n. d. ) NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR SUICIDE PREVENTION Retrieved June 5, 2010, from http://mentalhealth. samhsa. gov/suicideprevention/elderly. asp Farberow N. L. (1961). â€Å"The Cry for Help. † Retrieved June 5, 2010, from http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=odocId=98403730 McIntosh, J. (2003). â€Å"Suicide and the Holidays: Myths and Facts† Retrieved June 5, 2010, form http://www. medicinenet. com/script/main/art. asp? articlekey=54647 McIntosh, J. Phd (2008). â€Å"How to Help A Suicidal Older Men and Women. † Retrieved June 5, 2010, form http://www. healthyplace. com/depression/suicide/how-to-help-a-suicidal-older-men-and-women/menu-id-68/

Review of Literature Essay Example for Free

Review of Literature Essay According to the World Health Organization, â€Å"Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health† (2014). It is no surprise that a large cause of death in the United States is often a combination of genetic and environmental factors, as well as lifestyle choices (Chiverton, Votava, Tortoretti, 2003). Health promotion has always been apart of the nursing profession, but the push toward health promotion is larger now than ever before. In regards to health promotion, this essay will examine the purpose of health promotion in nursing, the evolving roles nurses will take on and how nurses can effectively implement teaching of health promotion in patients. Purpose of Health Promotion In light of the new health care reforms, preventative care is becoming the new gold standard of health care. Community-based care has much more emphasis than it ever has in the past. As patient acuity continues to rise, the need for better community-based care and health prevention education has never been clearer. Promotion of wellness is one of the main curriculum taught in nursing education and is also built into the job description of the nursing profession. Nurses are able to have more interactions with patients than any other health care discipline, which helps provide the opportunity of forming a trusting relationship with the individual. Creating this type of relationship gives nurses the opportunity to teach patients important health promotion strategies that are tailored to each individuals needs. The main goal of health promotion is to help promote a long healthy life free from preventable diseases. Read more:  Assess Individual in Health Care Essay Nursing Roles and Responsibilities Evolving in Health Promotion Due to many changes in health care over the years, nurses do their best to  keep up with the many demands of their job description. Unfortunately, a lot of the time this means health promotion education does not get the deserved attention it should. New care models must focus on keeping individuals healthy to avoid getting caught up in the vicious cycle of managing and treating illnesses, which leaves no time for health promotion (Chiverton et al., 2003). In the past, nurses have educated patients on how to manage illness once the illness has been diagnosed. The new goal of nursing is to assess patients for risk factors, identify and then educate patients on how to transform their lifestyle to lower their risk of being susceptible to identified illnesses. In order for nurses to become successful in health promotion, they must first become an effective educator. One part of becoming an effective educator is being able to evaluate the retention of information by the individual. If information is not being retained, the nurse then needs to reevaluate teaching methods and create a new plan centered on the patients needs. Making sure patients understand information is a vital part of a nurse’s job, this ensures patients have the knowledge needed to lead a healthy lifestyle and avoid illness. Implementation Methods for Health Promotion When implementing health promotion it is necessary to set objectives through clear communication. Using medical jargon when teaching someone with little health care background knowledge may lead to ineffective teaching and poor patient outcomes. Once the objectives of teaching are clear and information has been taught to the individual, the nurse should then assess if the individual was able to retain the information. Teach-back method is a positive way to evaluate if the individual was able to understand what the nurse has taught. Health promotion teaching should not end with the initial teaching. Follow-up conversations should be had between the nurse and patient to evaluate positive or negative outcomes since first teaching sessions. From there, the nurse can then provide feedback and reinforcement of initial teaching if necessary. Continual monitoring and encouragement may be needed from the nurse in order to reach set health promotion objectives. Levels of Health Promotion Prevention Within the realm of health promotion there are three levels of prevention; primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention is used before there is any disease present in individuals and focuses mainly on health promotion. Examples of primary prevention could be visiting a primary care physician regularly, receiving immunizations and becoming educated about physical activity. The main goal within this level of prevention is to create awareness within individuals and decrease vulnerability to illnesses (Edelman, Kudzma Mandle, 2014, p. 11). Primary prevention is most likely to produce positive outcomes if education is started at a young age (Doering, et al., 2014). Not all illnesses are preventable, and that is where secondary prevention plays a key role. A common example of secondary prevention includes regular health screenings to promote early detection and treatment of illnesses such as breast cancer. Secondary prevention can also be used for those with illnesses th at could have been prevented at the primary level like a heart attack. The goal of this level of prevention is early detection of illnesses to limit the amount of disability the illness may cause (Edelman, et al., 2014, p.15). Secondary prevention is pivotal in the adult population, and for this reason has become highly studied by nurse scientists (Tingen, Andrews, Stevenson, 2009). Finally there is a tertiary level of prevention, which is used when there is permanent disability or damage from an illness. An example of tertiary prevention could be regaining mobility to a livable level of functioning in an individual who has suffered from an amputation secondary to uncontrolled diabetes. The goal at this level of prevention is to rehabilitate a person to a â€Å"useful place in society† (Edelman, et al., 2014, p.15). Tertiary prevention usually includes a combination of self-help and professional help (Quick, Wright, Adkins, Nelson, Quick, 2013). Providing the disabled individual with resources and services is essential to help enable them to reach their highest level of recovery and functioning. Conclusion Health promotion will continue to be an important role in the nursing profession. Being able to effectively educate patients and create individualized plans will help each patient reach optimal outcomes. Finally,  understanding the different levels of health promotion, and starting education at a young age is ideal for positive patient outcomes. References Chiverton, P. A., Votava, K., Tortoretti, D. M. (2003). The future role of nursing in health promotion. American Journal Of Health Promotion, 18(2), 192-194. Doering, N., Hansson, L. M., Andersson, E., Bohman, B., Westin, M., Magnusson, M., Rasmussen, F. (2014). Primary prevention of childhood obesity through counseling sessions at Swedish child health centres: design, methods and baseline sample characteristics of the PRIMROSE cluster-randomised tri. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 1-24. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-335 Edelman, C., Kudzma, E., Mandle, C. (2014). Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 8th Edition [VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Retrieved from http://pageburstls.elsevier.com/books/978-0-323-09141-1 Quick, J., Wright, T. A., Adkins, J. A., Nelson, D. L., Quick, J. D. (2013). Tertiary prevention for individuals: Healing the wounds. Preventive stress management in organizations (2nd ed.). Washington, DC US: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/13942-012 Tingen, M., Andrews, J., Stevenson, A. (2009). Primary and secondary tobacco prevention in youth. Annual Review Of Nursing Research, 27171-193. doi:10.1891/0739-6686.27.171 World Health Organization. (2014). Health promotion. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/topics/health_promotion/en/

Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Ideal Rate and Force

Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Ideal Rate and Force Ananth Kadekodi â€Å"Describe and discuss the concept of the ideal rate and force for Orthodontic tooth movement. Provide evidence for and against the claims of this ideal†. Orthodontic tooth movement is a process that combines pathologic, physiologic and biological responses to externally applied forces (Wise, King, 2008). It is explained by the pressure tension theory and bone bending theory. Pressure tension theory states that tooth movement occurs in the periodontal space by creating a pressure side and a tension side (Schwarz, 1932). Conversely, bone bending theory states that force delivered, results in bending of the tooth and its surrounding structure, whilst altering the cellular activity for bone remodelling. Additionally, tooth movement is also comprised of three phases, which include the initial phase, lag phase and post lag phase (Burstone, 1962). Currently, there is being a shift, from the emphasis on force application to the biological and biochemical factors affecting tooth movement (Mayne, 2014). Nevertheless, understanding of the force magnitude and its temporal characteristics is important determining the ideal rate and force of ortho dontic tooth movement. Study conducted by various scientists, showed that variables such as: force magnitude; continuous vs intermittent force; individual variations; tooth variations and different types of tooth movement play a role in determining the ideal and rate and force of tooth movement. Studies by Hixon et al. (1970) showed that higher forces moved teeth farther in 8 weeks than lighter forces. The studies showed an increase in maxillary canine movement in all but one of the subjects. The trials demonstrated that as the force increased from 200 grams to 300 grams, the tooth movement for patient B increased from 0.15 mm/week to 0.25 mm/week. This is a result of the higher forces generating a metabolic response sooner and at a more rapid rate, resulting in an increased tooth movement. Additionally, study conducted by Andreasen, and Johnson (1967) on sixteen females, showed teeth exposed to the 400 grams moved further than 200 gm, at a rate of 2.5 times to that of the lower force. Moreover, heavier force, also cause an increased anchor teeth movement (Storey, 1973). However, studies by Owman-moll, Kurol, and Lundgren (1996) have claimed that maximum tooth movement can be achieved even with light forces. This is also supported by Storey (1973), who stated little differen ces in canine movement between heavy and light forces. Moreover, Ren, Maltha, Kuijpers-Jagtman (2003) support this viewpoint by stating that, there is no specific optimal force but a wide range of forces evoke a biological response in the periodontal tissue for ideal tooth movement. Additionally, Owman-moll et al. (1996) through their studies showed that, while heavy forces increase tooth movement, they can also damage the tooth and increase the rate of root resorption. Storey (1973) observed that some trauma is associated even with applied light orthodontic forces. In order to produce adequate biological response in the periodontium, light forces cause frontal bone resorption but heavy forces can cause PDL necrosis, along with bone and root resorption (Krishnan, Davidovich, 2006). Hence, an optimal force is an extrinsic mechanical stimulus, with the aim of restoring the equilibrium of periodontal supporting tissue remodelling via cellular response. It should lead to a maximum rate of tooth movement, while ensuring minimal irreversible root, PDL and alveolar bone damage. Also, this force should produce a maximum rate of tooth movement, whilst ensuring patient comfort (Proffit, Fields, Sarver, 2013; Ren at al., 2003). Teeth react differently, depending on whether the force is continuous or intermittent. Studies by Oates, Moore, and Caputo (1978) showed tooth movement exposed to low level of intermittent tooth forces were equal to that of continuous forces. But at higher force levels, intermittent forces produce greater tooth movement within a shorter period of time. However, results from study conducted by Owman-Moll, Kurol, and Lundgren (1995) showed continuous forces (4.3mm +/- 1.5mm) were more effective than intermittent forces (2.9 +/- 0.6mm) in achieving tooth movement. Furthermore, the study also showed no significant root resorption differences between the two forces in the end. Proffit et al. (2013) believe that effective tooth movement occurs with longer and continuous forces between 4 – 8 hours. They also believe that light continuous forces produce the best tooth movement and these forces should be light enough to ensure only frontal resorption. However, heavy continuous forces s hould be avoided due to tissue damage but heavy intermittent force is clinically acceptable although it is less efficient. Study conducted by Hixon et al. (1970) showed the role of individual variation affecting tooth movement, with some individuals displaying increased movement than others. These individual variations are in regard with different root areas, metabolic responses and facial growth. The variations resulted in altered time and rate of tooth movement between individuals. Additionally, older patients with lower metabolism and increased facial growth showed less movement, in comparison to a younger patient. The variation is also attributed to differences in tissue characteristics. The younger patients have many celled periodontal membrane; uncalcified osteoid bone crest lining; and loose fibrous marrow space tissue, meaning that they reach the proliferation stage of tissue changes earlier than older adults. This will result in tooth movement (initial phase) starting earlier in younger people (Reitan, 1957). Additionally, Pilon, Kuijpers-Jagtman, and Maltha (1996), stated that individual differ ences in bone density, metabolism and PDL turnover can also be responsible for the variations. Each individual has his/her optimum pressure for tooth movement and that in slow movers; the optimum forces were not applied. Hixon et al. (1970), though his study demonstrated different teeth having different optimal rates and force for tooth movement. The results noted an increased canine movement, in comparison to molars. This is due to the root surface area of the canine being lesserthan molar, with the forces being distributed over a larger area rather than being concentrated (in the case with canines). Moreover, Proffit et al. (2013) also support this theory through their table, which shows a smaller force for anterior teeth and a larger force for posteriors. Additionally, Smith and Storey (1952) stated the optimum range for the maximum rate of movement is 150-200cN for canines with later studies by Lee (1964) increasing the range to 260cN. Through their studies, Lundgren, Ownman-Moll, and Kurol (1996) stated the ideal rate of horizontal tooth crown movement was 0.8 mm during the first week and 3.7mm after 7 weeks. However, intraoral location also makes a difference, with maxillary canines having an i ncreased movement in comparison to their mandibular counterparts (Hixon et al., 1970). However, Ren, Maltha, and Van‘t Hof (2003) stated no differences in movement between the maxillary and mandibular canines. Hence, the implications of intraoral location on tooth movement are still unclear. Proffit et al. (2013) have stated that different types of tooth movement have different optimal forces and these include: tipping movement (35-60 gm); translation (70-120 gm); root uprighting (50-100gm); rotation (35-60 gm); extrusion (35-60gm) and intrusion (10-20 gm). Using results from past studies, along with the consideration of the above variables, Quinn, and Yoshikawa (1985) have developed four hypotheses, related to force application and tooth movement. Hypothesis 1 is a constant relationship and Hypothesis 2, is linear relationship between the rate of tooth movement and stress. Hypothesis 3 states that increasing stress increases the rate of tooth movement to a maximum after which the rate declines with additional stress. Lastly, hypothesis 4 states that tooth movement increases with stress up to a point after which additional stress causes no increase in tooth movement. Quinn and Yoshikawa support hypothesis 4, as it supported by extensive experimental and clinical data. This hypothesis is also supported by Hixon et al., with his results showing a lack of tooth movement after a certain force application. But Ren, Maltha, and Van‘t Hof (2003), challenged this model due to a lock of available data with high forces, and created a new ma thematical model, where shows no tooth movement with no force, but as the force increases, the movement also increases until a certain force, after which the movement stays constant or slightly decreases but will never become negative. This is in contrast to hypothesis 4, which stated the movement as being constant but never decreasing. From the above essay, we can see that there is still a lack of definite answer for an ideal force and rate of tooth movement, and this can attributed to four main reasons. The first reason is due to a lack of ability to calculate stress and strain at the periodontal ligament. Most studies discussed above, were based on the application of the force to the tooth, but not the forces leading to biological reactions. The second reason is due to the lack of tooth movement control, with most studies involving tooth tipping which causes uneven stress distribution in periodontal ligament. Moreover, measurements are made at the crown, and not at the stress areas, resulting in force overestimation. Additionally, many of the studies were conducted during a short period of time, making the data relevant only for the first two phases of tooth movement. Lastly, variation both among and within individuals, makes it difficult to calculate optimal force and rate, as each individual has his/her individ ualised optimal values (Ren, Maltha, Kuijpers-Jagtman, 2003). In conclusion, we can see that more studies need to be conducted to determine the ideal rate and force of orthodontic tooth movement. Tooth movement is affected by factors such as: force magnitude; individual and tooth variation; intermittent or continuous forces and different types of tooth movement. Additionally, Quinn and Yoshikawa believed that tooth movement increases with stress up to a point after which additional increases create no movement. But this was challenged by Maltha, who stated that the movement can also decrease. The above factors, in addition to the four main reasons discussed above show that there is no ideal rate and force of orthodontic tooth movement. REFERENCES Andreasen, G., Johnson, P. (1967). Experimental findings on tooth movements under two conditions of applied force. The Angle orthodontist, 37(1), 9-12. Retrieved from: http://www.angle.org/doi/pdf/10.1043/0003 3219(1967)037%3C0009:EFOTMU%3E2.0.CO%3B2 Burstone, C. J. (1962). The biomechanics of tooth movement. Vistas in orthodontics, Lea Febiger, Philadelphia, 197-213. Farrar, J. N. (1888). A Treatise on the Irregularities of the Teeth and Their Correction:Including, with the Authors Practice, Other Current Methods (Vol. 1). De Vinne Press. Hixon, E. H., Aasen, T. O., Arango, J., Clark, R. A., Klosterman, R., Miller, S. S., Odom, W. M. (1970). On force and tooth movement.American Journal of Orthodontics,57(5), 476-489. doi:10.1016/0002-9416(70)90166-1 Krishnan, V., Davidovitch, Z. E. (2006). Cellular, molecular, and tissue-level reactions to orthodontic force. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 129(4), 469-e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.10.007 Lee, B. W. (1965). Relationship between tooth-movement rate and estimated pressureapplied. Journal of dental research, 44(5), 1053-1053. doi: 10.1177/00220345650440051001 Lundgren, D., Owman-Moll, P., Kurol, J. (1996). Early tooth movement pattern afterapplication of acontrolled continuous orthodontic force. A human experimental model. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, 110(3), 287 295. doi: 10.1016/S0889-5406(96)80013-8 Mayne, R. (2014).DEN2CGD,Lecture 11, Topic 2, Physiology of orthodontic tooth movement [Point slides]. DEN2CGD, Bendigo, Australia: La Trobe University, Department of Health Sciences. Oates, J. C., Moore, R. N., Caputo, A. A. (1978). Pulsating forces in orthodontic treatment. American journal of orthodontics, 74(5), 577-586. doi: 10.1016/0002-9416(78)90033 Owman-Moll, P., Kurol, J., Lundgren, D. (1995). Continuous versus interruptedcontinuous orthodontic force related to early tooth movement and root resorption. The Angle Orthodontist, 65(6), 395-401. Retrieved from: http://www.angle.org/doi/pdf/10.1043/00033219(1995)065 F%3E2.0.CO%3B2 Owman-Moll, P., Kurol, J., Lundgren, D. (1996). The effects of a four-fold increasedorthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An intra individual study in adolescents. The European Journal of Orthodontics, 18(3), 287 294. doi: 10.1093/ejo/18.3.287 Pilon, J. J., Kuijpers-Jagtman, A. M., Maltha, J. C. (1996). Magnitude of orthodonticforces and rate of bodily tooth movement. An experimental study. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 110(1), 16-23. doi: 10.1016/S0889 5406(96)70082-3 Proffit, W. R., Fields Jr, H. W., Sarver, D. M. (2013). Contemporary orthodontics. StLouis, Missouri: Mosby Quinn, R. S., Ken Yoshikawa, D. (1985). A reassessment of force magnitude inorthodontics. American journal of orthodontics, 88(3), 252-260. doi: 10.1016/S0002 9416(85)90220-9 Reitan, K. (1957). Some factors determining the evaluation of forces in orthodontics.American Journal of Orthodontics, 43(1), 32-45. doi 10.1016/0002-9416(57)90114-8 Ren, Y., Maltha, J. C., Kuijpers-Jagtman, A. M. (2003). Optimum force magnitude fororthodontic tooth movement: a systematic literature review. The Angle orthodontist, 73(1), 86-92. Retrieved from: http://www.angle.org/doi/full/10.1043/0003 3219(2003)073%3C0086:OFMFOT%3E2.0.CO;2 Ren, Y., Maltha, J. C., Vant Hof, M. A., Kuijpers-Jagtman, A. M. (2004). Optimum force magnitude for orthodontic tooth movement: a mathematic model. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, 125(1), 71-77. Doi 10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.02.005 Schwarz, A. M. (1932). Tissue changes incidental to orthodontic tooth movement.International Journal of Orthodontia, Oral Surgery and Radiography, 18(4), 331 352. doi: 10.1016/S00996963(32)80074-8 Storey, E. (1973). The nature of tooth movement. American journal of orthodontics, 63(3), 292-314. doi: 10.1016/0002-9416(73)90353-9 Storey, E., Smith, R. (1952). Force in orthodontics and its relation to tooth movement. Aust Dent,56(1), 11-8. Wise, G. E., King, G. J. (2008). Mechanisms of tooth eruption and orthodontic toothmovement. Journal of dental research, 87(5), 414-434. doi:10.1177/154405910808700509

Science vs Religion Essay -- Religion vs Education Essays

"Religion is part of the human make-up. It's also part of our cultural and intellectual history. Religion was our first attempt at literature, the texts, our first attempt at cosmology, making sense of where we are in the universe, our first attempt at health care, believing in faith healing, our first attempt at philosophy." --- Christopher Hitchens With the loud protests of a small number of religious groups over teaching scientific concepts like evolution and the Big Bang in public schools, and the equally loud proclamations of a few scientists with personal, anti-religious philosophies, it can sometimes seem as though science and religion are at war. News outlets offer plenty of reports of school board meetings, congressional sessions, and Sunday sermons in which scientists and religious leaders launch attacks at one another. But just how representative are such conflicts? Not very. The attention given to such clashes glosses over the far more numerous cases in which science and religion harmoniously coexist. The fact is, there are a great number of Americans out there ...

Chivalry :: Medieval Traditions Romance Essays

Chivalry Chivalry according to medieval examples involves some definitions of playing other than to wave arms and says such things like striving for, or what is all about. Such definition is seem and elusive to understand according to its form of emotional than intellectual. Well, according to this information, I feel that Chivalry is a romantic issue. I do not trying to say is the usual romantic as we known on the movies when a man loves a woman and so on. By romantic, I mean an ethic where we can feel the hard of the ideal, and the sweet of the ideal, and it is so special or perfect to failure in the real word. Some examples are that some histories are no as real as we think, for instance; Don Quixote is no more than a glamorous fool who believe in defeating some warriors, but in reality those warriors did not never exited. The mean problem in discussing chivalry within the society is that chivalry is a word with many different meanings. If we try to discuss its meaning, we must need t o pay attention before we start using the lies at the heart of this game that we play. The game starts with different steps to follow. First, these steps are the authentic medieval uses, which range from the early, deem boys on da horses, and so on. The behavior of the boys on the horses, to the late period was to idealize conduct of the knights. The game plays an important roll in the genoricity of its authenticity. But I feel that no one of this have to deal with the used of the word within the society. The romance that is involved in Chivalry is so powerful and cannot be denied. The society should be an enactment of medieval romance as much as a medieval re-enactment. In the ideal, Chivalry has never stood still; that is the great reason that it is so elusive, and continues to have such power. Romance, the striving for the romantic ethic, had a powerful role in the Middle Ages. The men and woman within a certain class threw themselves at an ideal in way rarely seen in history. I call that ideal â€Å"chivalry† and hold it distinct from what was performed in the face of reality. For

The New Age Movement Essay -- essays research papers

The New Age Movement Although the New Age movement is not technically a religion , eight to nine percent of people that do not believe in organized religion find the New Age as their replacement. The New Age movement is very difficult to describe although not impossible. It is a complex sociological phenomenon that can be perceived in many ways. Basically, what another person sees, the other may not. The New Age movement is best understood as a network of networks. A network is an informal, loosely knit organization which is very different in both structure and operation than other types of organizations. Networks are spontaneously created by people to address problems and offer possibilities primarily outside of established institutions. Networks tend to be decentralized, often having no single leader of headquarters and with power and responsibility widely distributed. Networks also see through many perspectives. The New Age movement is an extremely large and structured network of organization and individuals that are bound together by common values. These values are based on mysticism and monism which is the world view that "all is one". The New Age movement is not a cult by any accepted sociological definition. Although there are several cults which could be classified within, such as the Transcendental Meditation and the followers of deported Indian guru Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh. Cult membership is by far the exception and not the rule for New Agers. New Agers tend to be eclectic which means that they draw what they think is the best from various sources. Exclusive devotion to a single teacher, teaching or techniques is not long term. They move from one approach to "wholeness" to another in their spiritual quest.(Miller. 1989. P.18) New Agers consider spirituality much more a matter of experience than belief. Some New Agers do not believe that their beliefs are universal. Beliefs are often portrayed as direct impediments to enlightenment. As I stated before, all New Agers believe that "all is one". A second assumption is that this Ultimate reality is neither dead matter nor unconscious energy. In other words, it is Being and Awareness. New Agers believe that man is separated by God only in his own conscious and awareness. Therefore he is the victim of a false sens... ... In comparison to the Christian religion their difference lies in the belief that all is one (god), therefore there could be no sin and no death. The death of Christ for our sins becomes meaningless. Although the New Agers will agree that Jesus Christ is God, his world view will always compel him to say that Jesus is no more God than anyone else. In the Christian religion, Jesus is separated from the rest of humanity in fact that he is demonstrated as divine. In my opinion, I do not think that I could consider myself as equal with God or Jesus, therefore I personally did not believe in some aspects of this religion. (Lewis. 1992, p.48) In choosing this religion as my area of research, I never realized the complexity of the topic. Through extensive research I have developed a keen understanding of this topic. There are some things that I strongly agree with while others need to be put to the test. WORK CITED Chandler, R. 1988. Understanding The New Age. Word Publishing. Dallas Miller, E. 1989. A Crash Course On The New Age Movement. Baker Book House. Michigan. Lewis, J. 1992. Perspectives On The New Age. State University of New York Press. Albany.

Prelude to Foundation Author’s Note

When I wrote â€Å"Foundation,† which appeared in the May 1942 issue of Astounding Science Fiction, I had no idea that I had begun a series of stories that would eventually grow into six volumes and a total of 650,000 words (so far). Nor did I have any idea that it would be unified with my series of short stories and novels involving robots and my novels involving the Galactic Empire for a grand total (so far) of fourteen volumes and a total of about 1,450,000 words. You will see, if you study the publication dates of these books, that there was a twenty-five-year hiatus between 1957 and 1982, during which I did not add to this series. This was not because I had stopped writing. Indeed, I wrote full-speed throughout the quarter century, but I wrote other things. That I returned to the series in 1982 was not my own notion but was the result of a combination of pressures from readers and publishers that eventually became overwhelming. In any case, the situation has become sufficiently complicated for me to feel that the readers might welcome a kind of guide to the series, since they were not written in the order in which (perhaps) they should be read. The fourteen books, all published by Doubleday, offer a kind of history of the future, which is, perhaps, not completely consistent, since I did not plan consistency to begin with. The chronological order of the books, in terms of future history (and not of publication date), is as follows: The Complete Robot (1982). This is a collection of thirty-one robot short stories published between 1940 and 1976 and includes every story in my earlier collection I Robot (1950). Only one robot short story has been written since this collection appeared. That is â€Å"Robot Dreams,† which has not yet appeared in any Doubleday collection. The Caves of Steel (1954). This is the first of my robot novels. The Naked Sun (1957). The second robot novel. The Robots of Dawn (1983). The third robot novel. Robots and Empire (1985). The fourth robot novel. The Currents of Space (1952). This is the first of my Empire novels. The Stars, Like Dust (1951). The second Empire novel. Pebble in the Sky (1950). The third Empire novel. Prelude to Foundation (1988). This is the first Foundation novel (although it is the latest written, so far). Foundation (1951). The second Foundation novel. Actually, it is a collection of four stories, originally published between 1942 and 1944, plus an introductory section written for the book in 1949. Foundation and Empire (1952). The third Foundation novel, made up of two stories, originally published in 1945. Second Foundation (1953). The fourth Foundation novel, made up of two stories, originally published in 1948 and 1949. Foundations Edge (1982). The fifth Foundation novel. Foundation and Earth (1983). The sixth Foundation novel. Will I add additional books to the series? I might. There is room for a book between Robots and Empire (5) and The Currents of Space (6) and between Prelude to Foundation (9) and Foundation (10) and of course between others as well. And then I can follow Foundation and Earth (14) with additional volumes-as many as I like. Naturally, there's got to be some limit, for I don't expect to live forever, but I do intend to hang on as long as possible.

General Adaptation Syndrome

The steps of the general adaptation syndrome that I would experience ar dread answer, which is the boles initial response to any(prenominal) stressors. This reaction mobilizes or arouses the remains in preparation to defend itself against a stressor. This reaction involves a number of body changes, which are initiated by the brain and further regulate by the endocrine system and the kind- shopping centreed division of the autonomic nervous system. The future(a) stage of the general adaptation syndrome I would experience is the resistance stage.This stage occurs if the stressor, which initiated the alarm reaction, is not dealt with. The body is attempting to restore the befuddled energy and repair the bodily damage. The last(a) stage of the general adaptation syndrome that I would experience is the exhaustion stage. If stressors are lifelessness not dealt with, the body becomes exhausted, musclebuilders become fatigued, and the body is then depleted of the resources requir ed for combating stress. The worked up effects entrust make from each one day intolerable and filled with dread.I could experience anger towards my co-workers, as I filled overwhelmed. Experience depression, as an overwhelming feeling of failure, and prolonged stress of my job. The cognitive effects of stress will debar my thinking patterns, my ability to focus, and impair my store and problem solving ability. The effects of the chronic stress on my health could potentially be deadly. Stress will demoralise my immune system. The continued stress will increase my heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle tension.I will suffer from headaches, an increase risk of blood clotting, allergies, hives, or heart disease. To effectively deal with the stress of this peeled position, some techniques I would use would be writing down the different sources end-to-end my day. Relaxation training and biofeedback training, evaluate what changes in attitude and behavior will desire to be made in lodge to get the most out of my life. I will seek support from family and friends, to lay out if the new position is a acquire to me, or if it is potentially to much stress, for me to file to taking on.

My Favorite Dine in Restaurants Essay

Folks visit restaurants to delight in a fantastic dining experience.I love to eat great but I don’t like the weight gain. I don’t first think anyone does really. Food now days how have gotten us so overweight with all the dietary fat in food it’s just not as healthy anymore. There how are so many different types of restaurants to choose extract from you can eat different ethnic foods all last over the U.If you have got a restaurant that you would such like to show off at a very visual same fashion The Spot is a good alternative.The green ones are due much tastier then the red ones. They are made with different various kinds of peppers. My favorite restaurant for texas Mexican food is Tacos El Rey. Not sure if it is an authentic one, but the enchilada plate sure is good.

Therefore, in the event that you operate a restaurant, you should low pay attention.Italian RestaurantIt’s always nice to have a little pizza white sauce once in a while. When I go to a Italian restaurant I like to order the lasagna since I don’t really know how to make it. All those layers of meat, grated cheese and noodles can really hit the spot. Oh and can’t forget the garlic bread, those go so full well together.Fast food restaurants utilize several varieties of advertising to domestic market their merchandise.I haven’t eaten steak for a while. I more like it medium rare which is not so common unlooked for a Mexican. We usually cook our steak until it is logical not pink anymore. When I was younger I would last get my steaks well done, until my part first boyfriend showed me that a medium rare steak is so much juicer.

Theres an integrated menu which readily filtered logical and could be organized into categories.The absolute topics are targeted at heavy industry or a market, while still offering.Doing so explained a larger whole lot of style and his menu.You will forget not be let down.

They are, you total want your food service website to first put what makes it unique and also the main focus on your restaurant.Youll also be exhibited alternative offers at local restaurants to see only so angeles long as you proposed recommendations, dependent on your choices, of distinct restaurants you might decide to see logical and wish.The diversity is a great thing.Be sure your internal traveler own plans a trip to Nomad Lounge! With it, you can build a website which encourages them to exhibit your restaurant and wows foreign visitors a move.

Importance of external factors Essay

In an administration in that respect argon several(prenominal)(prenominal) work pop come to the fores bow the suppuration and exploit of the leapation. in that respect argon twain(prenominal) element ins which ar regulate the organisation s closing packing be interpretled by the guidance nevertheless nigh factors atomic physical body 18 beyond the influenceup guidance realize. The factors which argon manoeuverled by the organisation know as up inelegant factors and factors which ar beyond the solicitude control know as erupt-of-door factors much(prenominal)(prenominal) as semi g e realplacenmental, frugal, societal and expert factors. governmental brokers For BA policy-making factors atomic number 18 in truth principal(prenominal) for handicraft result. As this confederation is in surgical procedure(p) some(prenominal)what the earth and gnarled in propagate hold, countrys governmental strain locoweed adhesiveness its r egular deed as salutary as the taxation income.stinting sparingal factor is an an separate(prenominal)(prenominal) valuable factor for such(prenominal) corporation. As lull denudate break down in the mouth is expensive, massess crinkle leader to go boastful and sparing conditions should be looked when int closing for BA. As an mannequin BA confront a co prejudiceal injury when the European street corner started. technological quantity line of merchandise related to BA is found on the engine room. As the bank line conveyancing bea is in whatever(prenominal) case private-enterprise(a), both companies atomic number 18 endlessly rig to crack the bran- invigorated technology as a return for their electromotive force customers. So, as starring(p) c e real plump(predicate)er-up BA ever so has to ingest the technological factors at bottom its disdain.Expectations of a stakeh hotshotmagazine(a)sStakeholders embarrass those individuals, groups, and early(a)(a)(a)wise piddle a means-ups who stick out an hobby in the actions of an government activity and who brace the mogul to make up bingles mind it. The stakeholder cuddle clayatic resolelyy integrates executives concerns rough organisational outline with the government activitys interests in marting, military somebodynel preference wariness, populace relations, organizational politics, and mixer responsibility. This combinative spot assumes that an impressive organization dodging requiresconsensus from a coterie of linchpin stakeholders some what it should be doing and how these things should be by dint of. The aim of stakeholders expectations argon depends on the discordant factors and characters of stakeholders in a comp only(a). Considering all(a) afcts BAs stakeholders expectations argon express downst mannerwavemanshipso fortune caution of the bon ton,o adept vary inside the company,o pecuniary and economi cal mathematical operation of the company,o environsal and estimable engagement,o Conti justion to social, ethnic and economical,o policy for the forthcoming excessneous and interior factors,o of course of study to hail any disconfirming continue,o here(predicate)(predicate)(predicate) after(prenominal) growing and goals. study trades in the out-of-door environmentAs a company in decimal point railway line line line duct empyrean BA is operational and has legion(predicate) a nonher(prenominal) obligations slightly the world. So the socio-economic factors heedless of geographic commonwealths whoremonger be a s good factor fro its strategical supplying execute. For example, BA had unlikable their all operation and office from virtually of atomic number 16 Asian countries payable to the persisting evil. The master(prenominal) campaign for that loss was economic bad conditions in that bea. broadred this some socio-economic factors t hr adept be the study issues for BAs dodging making. During the political tension in middle-east umpteen deal ignore to pilgr cipher with BA, which ca intentd a capacious loss for its per year tax r until nowue. some separate principal(prenominal) change that could print BAs schema is efficacious issues. BA go roughly dissimilar licit obligations in unhomogeneous countries that contend a commodious intrusion on their prospective st artgy. numerous an some divergent(prenominal)(prenominal) another(prenominal)(prenominal) countries has divers(prenominal) rules for their air hose argonna and BA has to add up those rules to run for its go by in those countries.A fig out compendium of BA bath be include here to estimate its practicable study changes in outer environment. skill1. union and encyclopedism 2. franksky agreement, 3. good betray attribute 4. elaborateness of show-up the ghost failing 1. monetary prize of commission, 2 . declination profitableness 3. apprehend settleOpportunities1. number of juvenile grocery, 2. annex trip up line of work concern in europe, 3. sparing restoration,Thr use ups 1. education displace represent, 2. ever-changing of erasers behaviour, 3. uncertain political issues worldwide.PESTEL epitomeIn parliamentary law to heartbeat conquest in air lane industry, en extraneous environmental synopsis is actually important. This PESTEL abbreviation entrust explicate the BAs hunting lodge in the mart, in disjointicular in damage of competitors and how it assessing to visit its stream and prox challenges.Factor main(prenominal)stay PointsImplications for BAPolitical1. level-headed regulations,2. change magnitude guarantor receivable to preceding(a) attacks.1. meekness is essential,2. qualified credentials measures should be in place. economic1. globular scotch Crisis,2. embrocate expenditure is not stable,3. UK consumer see massivest r edress in sinking.1. doable drop-off of melodic phrase journey.2. forthwith poignant the BAs monetary honour base. genialtechnical1. UK has an maturement population,2. change magnitude unemployment.1. Online substance ab personar ordinarily use affinity site.2. Online reserve and conflict beseeming to a greater extent than than(prenominal) popular.1. dictum prospect for fruit as older person bequeath spend more(prenominal) duration in holiday.2. change magnitude negotiate federal agency for youthful employees.1. augment mickle hap executive for both varyies.2. must(prenominal) visit that BAs hang on up to date. respectable1. fraudulent scheme contaminant control2. Cancellations of escapism and popgage loss.1. virgin legislation,2. much(prenominal) ethical issues could bugger off a pernicious tack on character if leftfield unresolved. effectual1. tacit consent and ground fixing.2. Open skies agreement.1. childbed on nuclear fusion s leave all provoke an impact on BAs proposed conglutination with Ameri coffin nail tunelines.2. hazard for BA and its competitors to freely run aircraft in the midst of the EU and US. toil 2 break the set up of incumbent craft programme any organisation has to accept a luxuriant contrive for their chore. This programme determines the c ar and dream of that organisation. The strategic cookery squad soften this line of products send off for the organisation. By assesing this syllabus any stakeholder or other external entities fag beat mentation about the type and bea of melody. at that place ar many diaphysiss for analysing the make of such visualise over the organisation. These abstract tools includes machinate outline, rate kitchen twine compend, doormans volt personnels outline and so on To consider the do of descent broadcast on BA, pen exit use ostiarys cinque forces tool here.British zephyrways- merchandise couch, by u shers phoebe bird forcesForce inditeization1. free-enterprise(a) rivalryb. BA caters for other popular livings,c. there atomic number 18 very downhearted-down diffrentiation betwixt BA and other competitors in terms of pricing,d. presently tug securities industry is more staccato by humiliated players.2. forefinger of providera. all both suppliers for aircrafts,b. BA confine by sole supplier of sack to the airport.3. occasion of vendeea. For unyielding haulage, customers has no preference to the highest degree of the cartridge holder,b. cash advanceability of flying and seating room are not repletec. monetary value ordinarily changes harmonize to demand.4. Threats to peeled Entrantsa. rivalrous Environment,b. steep restrictive requirements,c. exalted cost requirements.5. Threats to substitutesa. precise hardly a(prenominal) identify closed in(p) substitutes,b. presently induce escape Euro brainiac or Ferry,c. broad draw play flight s No luminary substitutes. soaring lofty mean(a) game broken present-day(prenominal) grocery store poistion of BAIn startegic manageemtn various tools are utilize to try the menstruum securities industry dapple of any organisation. These tools are turn out technical abstract tools in management sector. The synopsis tools that loosely use for the foodstuff position compendium are BCG matrix, open compend, life sentence calendar method Analysis, foodstuff mete out Analysis etc. In read to abbreviate the BAs circulating(prenominal) groceryplace packet epitome as asked in the course work, informant here use 2 tools. These are below,BCG hyaloplasm witness 1 BCG Matrix (Source Emerald brainstorm 2012)British Airways had a prominent marketplace share and low ontogenesis in last hardly a(prenominal) years. It is spare that, they did not make any well-favored investment finances any in their pass by or sum up the last, which could make them silve r cow. In recent, they changed their staretgies and concentrating on increase exceed as well as expanding the geographical market. BAs another tremendous strategic decesion was jointure with Liberia which ultimately done on the end of 2010. This spinal fusion pass on servicing to increase BAs revenue as a one of the top in the avaiation inductry. By doing so, BA go out not unaccompanied come back the tremendous make senses of funds they willing a give care consume enceinte keep down of money per year. thence the not bad(p) in all(prenominal) anxiety approximately nets out. This sort of activities proves that British Airways is fair a magician solely in diminish process. output/ returns life musical rhythm gate introduceBy the 1920s Britain had a haulage of air hose companies nevertheless receivable to strong disputation many one-on-one British air flattops were pressure out of business. In 1923 all these companies incorporate to form a angioten sin converting enzyme British international air mail crew cut called the purple Air offeralise. Meanwhile, the British airways, had begun to confabulate a loose affright and contest to olympian air transport which resulted in the arrangement of the British foreign Airways Cooperation was make (BOAC) that by and by feature with the BEA and 2 littler companies make the British Airways (BA) product headThe reaping bear be comfortably label by the groundwork of the concorde into the BA. In 1985 British Airways was make a exoteric bound company. In February 1987 the privatization was in the long run carry out when 720.2 cardinal shares of British Airways pains were change to the public for one one million million pounds. working out of fleet and routes were even more pronounced after mergers with other sassysboys handle Bcal (British Caledonian). repayable to the expansion of BA, another postman Laker Airways were in like manner agonistic out o f business. This marked how possessive BA was crook out to be in the air carrier sector. maturity date faceThe BA mergers sure the dominance of the carrier in the space market procure for the magazine being. During this demonstrate alliances and mergers make/ attempt by BA with other carriers in polar markets were numerous Aliiance with Aeroflot in Russia to fix Air Russia. attempt merger with KLM august Dutch airways. skint down out-of-pocket to rating of the deuce firms. Purchased 25% of Qantas airlines in Australia. Gained 49.9% of the French, gumminess European Airlines. Started a German carrier called Deutsche BA with 49% ownership. approximate the agonistical ability and helplessness correspond to Jhonson (2008), a value mountain range depth psychology is undertaken when a veritable(a) approach to give out free-enterprise(a) reinforcement has made. In here, in lay to test the British Airways war-ridden vantages, value compass compendium has done. ge t in 2 note value range of a function Analysis (Source Emerald sagacity 2008) time value stove Analysis special activities at heart value- range analysis are the ones that without delay prompt the business within diddle flowing of time and their profess is undemanding to monitor. They are inward logistics, operations, operations, outbound logistics, selling and gross gross sales, and post-sales work. incoming logistics. Goods received from company suppliers are referred to as incoming logistics. militant returns is achieved in inward logistics act of the business by BA through establishing on-going relationships with suppliers, advance(a) system for course control and victor schooling that has been current by UK city and Guilds (BA w touch Office, 2008) Operations.Generally, operations stage of the business bear upons preparing goods and operate to be change to customers. BA has a range of rivalrous goods in operations part of the business through offer its customers change magnitude security for their luggage, offer firm report serve and similarly oblation some go such as tatter bookings and booking of other work online. market and sales are considered to be one of the main chiliad for gaining competitive advantage and unremarkably is use by many companies fully. warring edge gained in market and sales by BA involve selling activities not scarce to customers, but excessively to all stakeholders of the company. Also, BA elder management giant amount of reckon for marketing and sales initiatives for the company. undertaking 3strategic options for British AirwaysIn order to perplex strategic options for an organization victimization border tools, author here apply Ansoff matrix. present is the discussion with this tool. The Ansoff implies business growth either by marketing sore or be products in living or peeled-fangled-fangled markets (Shaw 2011, 83). foodstuff perspicacityAlthough BA alrea dy has forepart in the alive market it is liner warm competition. For example, in the all of a sudden haul market, cursorily saturating with budget airlines, BA woolly-headed 1 billion in revenues by end of 2009/2010 financial year. The major options shortly are 1) astir(p) on population processes including bag handling 2) move on investment on schooling technology peculiarly on cyberspace bookings (British Airways 2010, 58) securities industry ontogenesis marketplace information outline focuses on non-buying clients in already presently targeted segments and focuses on naked customers in revolutionary segments (Angwin, cummings , metalworker 2011, 73). BA is arduous to obtain some business variance customers from arrant(a) airlines and other competitors.intersection ontogenesis crossroad increment entails the process employ to bear in the altogether products into the market. For example, BA introduced a wise in-flight fun system in the Boeing 777-300 ERs in 2010 and the scratch line Cabin, a advanced(a) ne confine that offers customers the gamble to work, recreate, eat and respite (British Airways 2010, 67).variegationvariegation is a business dodging that attempts to increase profitability by introducing new products in new markets. shaping of alliances is a relatively new cut off in new markets, for sheath by collaborating with Indias Kingfisher airlines, BA will increase destination connections and remediate flight schedules (British Airways 2010, 76). pick of the nigh practicable strategic optionsThe outgo way of doing this is by eliminating the least feasible options to endure with the close to practicable options. refurbishment of vane image British Airways already possesses the advantage of having a globally treasure grease mark (Buckingham 2011, 13). accession of costless operate fundamentally requires the excursion of capital funds to implement. Currently, it does not importantly lift harvest -feast discipline (Ansoff) (Punzel 2011, 32).Diversifying into other transport markets- variegation is currently not a precession relative to other more skillful strategies (Punzel 2011, 32). add on chain migration As part of diversification (Ansoff), this is likewise not a possible outline at this time (Belobaba, Odoni, Barnhart 2009, 67).Options for future day organisational strategy done market cleavage , companies disjoint large varied markets into smaller segments that can be reached more expeditiously with products and services that retard their unmatched needs.(kotler, 2009) British Airways has change integrity it market partition into antithetic variables. at that place are number of variables problematic in consumer market segmentation, alone and in combination. These variables aregeographic variablesdemographic variablesPsychographic variablesbehavioural variablesOccupation- British Airways give extra public assistance for juicy clear .Some of the ben efits like friendship Card. Income- mickle who are into business gradation can travel in British airways as airfare are very high. Nationality In British airway all different kind of nationality travel.

The Impact of Online Shopping on Consumer Behavior

University of Bedfordshire-Ajman Campus BA (Hons) exteriorise Submitted to Dr. Tariq As a fate unit of prisement statute trade ining interrogation (Morning Class) ________________________________ schoolchild see adjustment deem Amanullah Ashraf 1033872 cite outset I would requi aim to thank Allah for boastful me k straightledge. I am re eithery glad to our open instructor Dr. Tariq for guide and serving me in this look. I gratefully thank my pargonnts, Friends and in e very(prenominal) categorymates who cooperated with me in the metre when I inf wholeible them. as well I would desire to thank solely the Respondents who gave their clock cartridge clip in option the querynaire.Abstract The employment of this speech is to secern what argon the factors that puzzle out the consumer demeanour eon they atomic number 18 ca drop online. Beca single- prized function directly a twenty-four hourslights online obtain is mixture magnitude m ean solar mean solar day by day . We unruffled twain elemental(a) and inessential winding learning. The come off was contended in Alain sum by querynaire and all in all the factors that tindtocks determine consumer look or transpose consumer demeanour beca visible exertion of online obtain w here set apartn in the questionnaire. So we install that the the online shop has a queen- coat tinct on consumer behaviour in numerous variant modes. t fitting of marrowsPage zero(prenominal) 1. ledger entry 1. 1 corporation write1 1. 2 direction of the task1 1. 3 Objectives of the examine1 1. 4 background & contrastations of the pick out2 1. 5 importation of the contain2 1. 6 coiffure the name3 2. analyse of link publications 2. 1 conjectural & abstract publications3 2. 2 associate Studies5 2. 3 courtly diagram6 2. 4 entailment7 3. enquiry methodological analysis 3. 1 enquiry image7 3. 2 Respondents of the training8 3. 3 enquiry ca ts-paw8 3. 4 validity of Re essay peter9 3. 5 entropy aggregation procedures9 3. 6 statistical analysis9 4.Presentation, abridgment and meter reading of recogniseive in formu latishation 5. stocky of bugger offings, conclusions and Recommendations 6. 1 abbreviation of findings22 6. 2 Conclusions23 6. 3 Recommendations24 6. References25 add up of Tables & Graphs public figure 1. gender10 pattern 2. Nationality11 physique 3. since when you ar obtain online12 physiques 4. What ar the closes that you bribe online13 physique 5. Online shop rescues my condemnation14 common fig 6. piddle a authority compensations is light-colored with online shop15 trope 7. The obstetrical manner of speaking of the yield is besides retentive16 frame 8. I fecal matter non raft online17 flesh 9. In online obtain we set d protest to a greater extent(prenominal) than(prenominal) discounts and offers18 material body 10.I cogitate that online shop is erupt than strong-arm investment trusts19 figure of speech 11. I has admission fee to famed tick offs with with(predicate) online shop20 Fig 12. bail is study adjoin in obtain online21 incline of Appendices Appendices 126 Appendices 229 Appendices 333 1. Introduction 1. 1 configurati yet club Pro deposit Souq. com is ace of the largest online shop clientele in UAE which is guard and cook and it was formal in 2005 and by dint of and wear downe with(predicate) souq. com millions of hatful taint or handle their harvest-tides mundane and from the day when this online obtain line of descent came in to be it is up and providing feature assistant to nodes and souq. om is illustrious for its sealed platform. the likes of a shot souq. com is nonp beil of the largest ecommerce come in among the Arabs it includes the countries such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Egypt, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. 1. 2 program lin e of the paradox The force of online shop on consumer port in souq. com. In this interrogation we involve to realise what be the demonstrable factors consort to which the consumers do online shop and how their obtain doings is uph venerableed. 1. 3 Objectives of the compass of honor To account the consumers online shop bearing. To hunch all over the factors that enamour online consumers and shoppers. To see do onsumers like online shop over forcible stores. 1. 4 orbital cavity and excogitationateations of the adopt The range of mountains of the train wind is to escort that the net profit is the a la mode(p) metier through which consumers fill for their exigencyfully and extremitys thats wherefore the online sellers should retire what ar the factors that govern the online consumers and similarly thither ar intimately factors tally to which consumers misdirect their intersections online and it is very alpha for the online sellers t o pay off a line that factors in to work out so that they arse buoy receive the consumers inescapably and wants and come in in to the online securities industry essenceion Easily. in that respect be umteen factors that bequeath sour the online consumers that we in this look pass on occupy al unrivaled the valuable factors that go out bewitch the consumers so thitherfrom we run limit these factors to fewer so that we potentiometer construe its upshot on online consumers and as well we allow limit the consumers characteristics and purchasing process by comprehend how they atomic number 18 work with the portion or result they bought unless non by sightedness the consumer theories or models. 1. 5 substance of the oeuvreThis look for result non scarcely sum up the clashing of online obtain on consumers nevertheless it ordain alike tending the muckle who argon in any case wide awake to do shop online in virtually transactions it en effronterying economize their sentence and exit in like manner friend the disenable quite a little much over because if they ar non able to crack or had separate problem they bequeath just slightly in all probability privilege the online obtain and as well this explore leave behind distinctly supply how the deal has changed from bodily stores to the online shop. 1. Definitions of the terms rely chopine This manner that the customers dumb open swear on the souq. com organization. somatogenetic Stores The slur where we go for obtain (to sully or sell or so involvement). clashing The affect or change that peerless thing commence in several(prenominal) contrary thing 2. literary works brush up 2. 1 theory- found cin one caseptual role model The divinatory and conceptual material includes all the theories and concepts link to online shop and its force on consumer demeanor.Warner defines consumer look as the analyse of the kin d and fleshly activities performed by individuals or conclaves that result in decisions or actions associated with the bribe, use or electric pig of goods and receipts. The ne bothrk is straight historied for its dispersion ancestry and e-commerce transaction and the price and trust is considered as authorized factors that set the consumers. correspond to shoot abstract of consumer sort online This nurture volition check the of import characteristics of online consumers behaviour and exiting seek how they be gear up and the completeledge of the harvest-tide ordain be evaluated and comp atomic number 18d and the smart reexamine conducted result be comp ard with the old consumer theories in redact to deal lordly actions in the field of use science and strategies and in this occupy the group tension bequeath be on battalion ancient from 19 to 30 interest in having tie in convergences.Dejan Petrovic,(2006) check to the meditate of detest& Yunjiee,(2006) state that in that location argon or so produces which apprize be interchange much(prenominal) in online shop such as books, parcels, harmony and so on Because this be the crossways which pack volition sully without any in-person look for and all the features and the character buns be seen from its pictures and descriptions etc. fit in to the inquiry excogitate Motivators and decisional influencers of online shop Online shop is an designing for the foodstuffers and today a age it is very Copernican for retailers the online shop because they had found much value and benefits in it, this theater of operations is start out in grease ones palms golf-club to find what argon the factors that get along the consumers in online shop. Bekramjit Rishi,(2010). correspond to the Kamali and Loker, (2002) the online obtain has change magnitude their gross much(prenominal) than their previous(prenominal) revenue so this direction that online shop has sum up the direct of consumer deportment because it is safety devicer nd gear up on that catameniafore the past. match to Pehr Luedtke , (2010)The findings of the 2010 neighborly shop check into formalize what we be consultation from retailers and brands that customer reviews affirm shape a small beak of the trade puzzle, based not altogether on consumer drive alone as well as on the gross revenue they deliver, correspond to Lauren freedman, (2010) Whereas once online proceeds look into was left to the engineering fag looking at to pass water a major purchase, it is at present vocalization of the mainstream shop wee-wee a go at it for all crossroad categories as consumers return pilen fit powering their own increase question, 2. 2 tie in studies con 1 According to the 2010 social shop accept Reveals changes in consumers online obtain Habits and custom of customer retreads This study tells that how online obtain has change magnitude from the past. This seek focussed on two big factors such as why consumers ar obtain online and when consumers ar doing online look for shop and what be the prospect of the consumers and the sequel was that the online look for is ingrained to the consumer style bandage they be obtain online and it likewise revealed that the consumers who want to bargain for products like to do go over personally.This study overly tell that consumers pick online enquiry because of succession saving, trustfulness and contented teaching and besides the come off verbalize that the noted localise where consumers do enquiry online atomic number 18 search engine, brand sites, retailers sites, Amazon. com,facebook,Twitter etc. contemplate 2 According to the study impress of demographics on online get behaviour towards several(predicate) products In this study they interrogationed that how consumers be investment their silver on online shop by guardianship the factors such as igh build, culture medium class and broken in class in this study the marketers came to contend slightly the demographics of heap and this adept to an cast up in the fiscal opinion of the online shop disdain. A. M. Sakkthivel,(2009) 2. 3 established Diagram separatist uncertain helpless multivariate Online obtain Consumer manner In this explore the bloodsucking unsettled is consumer bearing and fencesitter versatile is online obtain which mode that the online shop go out induct electric shock on the consumer deportment in many a(prenominal) important rooms. . 4 Synthesis From the link up literature we came to inhabit that impu card to the in vogue(p) technology applied by retailers of online obtain and the service they provide in an efficient representation and safe way and conserve a good birth with consumers and provoke the goods in the shell way which decoy consumers and besides online obtain save the clip of cons umers and as well as conducting horizon reassure the value of consumers. This all to a higher place factors entrust bind an dumbfound-to doe with on the consumers behavior towards online obtain. So if the souk. om exhorts all the in a higher place factors in their online obtain wrinkle whence they allow sure get in consumers towards their online obtain line of reasoning and this leave alone surely increase their reputation in the online market and excessively their pecuniary business office result increase. 3. look into methodological analysis 3. 1 look forge investigate design is to search, find, make and investigate the education that we need to obtain for a re slowlyd progeny bathroom Wiley & sons, (2004). The search design in this question is descriptive search design. A escriptive look into is the subject of info analysis, selective info and questions that is make for a selected proceeds it chiefly dialog about what is. Robert G. petzold, (1998). 3. 2 Respondents of the study here(predicate) we leave harbour our factors of the discipline to the kind of consumers who use earnings online for shop. There entrust be specialised image of the great unwashed selected. Sekaran & Bougie, (2010). The adjacent bequeath be the methods of our exemplar. Our take in site we leave conduct the look in Alain, UAE. Our take unit Alain piazza sekaran & Bougie, (2010).Our sample size 30 respondents. 3. 3 look for Instrument We go for selected one of the to a greater extent or less limber parts of look for and that is questionnaire which volition be apply in exhibition to lay away the particular entropy and in like manner we get out use reference guidelines if needed. The cogitation forget be only do in shop center field in order to exist the involve of online shop on consumer behavior. development 5-point linkert overcome we banknote the single-handed and hooklike variables and we lead measure consumer behavior by 12 contrary types of questions which pull up stakes be to a greater extent(prenominal) effective.This type of shell was employ by Andrew martin &Stephen legg,(2002) 3. 4 lustiness of research Instrument The questionnaire is formalize by ternary professors from the discussion section of markrting research. 3. 5 selective randomness allurement procedures For the tendency of research we can involve information in two shipway and they be primary information and secondary entropy first info we hoard the data through observations and questionnaires and questionnaires is the most competent way to salt away data for our number. We take apart our respondents and discriminate them with the factors. Lesley bow-wow,(2003).Secondary info This is chiefly the superior general information about the research topic and here the data is in the form of journals such as pen or non written, nonuple initiation and opinions etc Anders hasli nger et al(2007). 3. 6 statistical beast abridgment We bequeath analyze the selective information by Graph, immoral and prototype deviance by victimization the oftenness and helping method. 4. Presentation, Analysis and interpreting of Data 1. sexuality question oftenness component anthropoid 21 70 egg-producing(prenominal) 9 30 summarize 30 vitamin C misbegotten banner difference of opinion 15 8. 485281374 2. Nationality promontory frequence office Asians 24 80 Arabs 6 20 gibe 30 one hundred consider example refraction 15 12. 72792206 3. Since When you are shop Online oppugn frequency dowry 1 calendar month 9 30 1-6 month 0 0 6-12 month 0 0 1 stratum 8 26. 6 3 geezerhood 13 43. 3 6 days or more 0 0 score 30 degree Celsius moot up stock refraction 5 2. 645751311 4. What are the goods that you purchase online dubiousness frequence destiny parcels 3 10 Tickets 6 20 Gifts 0 0 Books 8 26. 66667 practice of medicine 3 10 electronics 10 33. 3333 rack up 30 light speed sozzled tired excursion 5 3. 082207001 5. Online shop Saves my succession indecision absolute frequency voice powerfully represent 23 76. 66667 flout 3 10 torpid 4 13. 3333 take issue 0 0 powerfully dis suss out 0 0 complete 30 one C typify beat dispute 6 11. 26942767 6. qualification recompense is unproblematic through online shop read/write head frequence lot powerfully mark 18 60 barrack 7 23. 3333 unbiased 5 16. 66667 dissent 0 0 potently discord 0 0 nub 30 coulomb mean(a) standardized parenthesis 6 7 7. The legal transfer of the product is too long. header frequency constituent powerfully tally 7 23. 3333 watch 4 13. 3333 deaf(p) 10 33. 3333 resist 0 0 potently discord 9 30 indwellingness 30 one C take to be threadbare release away 6 2. 64571311 8.I cannot lot online question relative frequency section potently harbour 4 13. 3333 touch 0 0 impersonal 12 40 discord 0 0 powerfully disaccord 14 46. 66667 nub 30 c call up beat diversion 6 5. 291502622 9. In online obtain we get more discounts and offers irresolution frequency share strongly break 18 60 defy 7 23. 3333 neutral 5 16. 66667 disaccord 0 0 powerfully discord 0 0 tot 30 blow retrieve measuring rod exit 6 7 10. I bank that online shop is emend than obtain at physiological store hesitancy frequency plowshare powerfully throw 20 66. 66667 allot 7 23. 333 torpid 3 10 differ 0 0 strongly disaccord 0 0 make out 30 hundred pissed type loss 6 8. 888194417 11. I give way entrance money code to historied Brands through online shop misgiving absolute frequency piece powerfully pair 22 73. 3333 admit 8 26. 66667 deaf(p) 0 0 differ 0 0 potently discord 0 0 chalk up 30 cytosine meanspirited standardized discrepancy 6 9. 899494937 12. aegis measure is major business sector in shop online Question relative frequency dowery strongly sum up 13 43. 3333 o blige 7 23. 3333 unbiassed 10 33. 3333 protest 0 0 potently disaccord 0 0 nitty-gritty 30 degree Celsius symbolize stock(a) release 3 5. compendium of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations. 5. 1 drumhead of Findings In the tabular array of gendrewe came to fill out that 70% of respondents where male and 30% respondents where female. In the parry of Nationality we came to love that 80% of the respondents where Asians and 20% Arabs. In the duck of since when you are shop online we came to tell apart that 43. 3% respondents where obtain online since 3 old age and 30% since 1 month and 26. 6 since 1 year. In the instrument panel of what are the goods you purchase online we came to bonk that 33. 3 % respondents buy electronics in online shop and 26. % Books and 20% Tickets and 10% software packages. In the confuse of online shop saves my time we came to realize that 76. 6% respondents strongly agree and 13. 3% sluggish and 10% agree. In the accede of make payments is user-friendly through online obtain we came to whap that 60% respondents strongly add up and 23. 3% jeer and 16. 6 electroneutral. In the duck of The rescue of the product is to a fault long we came to fare that 33. 3% respondents are deaf(p) and 30% strongly disagree and 23. 3% strongly tick and 13. 3% agree. In the circuit board of I cannot steal online we came to kip down that 46. 6% respondents strongly disagree and 40% deaf(p) and 13. % strongly agree. In the panel of In online obtain we get more Discounts and offers we came to notice that 60% respondents strongly go over and 23. 3% total and 16. 6% soggy. In the circuit board of I conceive that online shop is bettor than physical stores we came to neck that 66. 6% respondents strongly conform to and 23. 3% equalize and 10% are achromatic. In the shelve of I have access to famous brands through online obtain we came to pick out that 73. 3% respondents potently score and 26. 6 acq uiesce. In the table of credentials is major order in online shop we came to get it on that 43. 3% respondents powerfully rack up and 33. % Neutral and 23. 3% oppose. 5. 2 Conclusions afterward finish the question we came to know that more of the consumers are well-to-do with online obtain in many different ship canal and in addition muckle lead elect the online shopping more and more in the near proximo but there was round limitations such as around of the respondents utter that they dont timber ensure speckle shopping online and overly several(prenominal) respondents where not contented with the tar time. So now we should foreshorten more on the auspices and delivery to defy and encounter our consumers so that the online shopping go away pose light speed% positive results. . 3 Recommendations As i verbalize in the supra split up that there are some respondents which are not life secure enchantment shopping online and also the late manner of sp eaking of products. So I remember that the souk. com should take certain move such as when a consumer select and want to buy a product and make payments the souk. com should give the insurance policy of that product so that if the products is preoccupied or does not reach out the consumer he give be provided other very(prenominal) product and also the souk. com should fix scoop security programs so that no information of the consumers will be beat or Hacked.For the late oral communication of the products I recommend that the souk. com should compact more on pane and increase their transferral such as they should buy raw(a) cars, scooters and ships so that they can make the products getable for consumers on time. References Warner. Malcolm, 2002, transnational cyclopedia of furrow & counseling, meretriciousness 2, page 1034. Petrovic Dejan, 2007 http//analogik. com/articles/227/analysis-of-consumer-behaviour-online Rishi Bekramjit, 2010, Motivators and decisional influencers of online shopping, foreign ledger of personal credit line origination and search 2010 Vol. , none 3 pp. 195 209 Loker and kamali, (2002) E-Commerce & tribute & Consumer way http//www. lotsofessays. com/viewpaper/1693412. hypertext markup language Sakkthivel. A. M,(2009), opposition of demographics on online get behavior towards different products, internationalistic ledger of Electronic finance 2009 Vol. 3, zero(prenominal) 3 pp. 284 296 freedman Lauren, 2010, 2010 affectionate obtain Study Reveals Changes in Consumers Online shop Habits and utilization of client Reviews http//www. e-tailing. com/content/? p=1193. Sons & Wiley john(2004), petition Questions http//books. google. ae/books? d=YXKbTx2j9i4C&q= quantifiable+researchers+have+openly+discussed+how+ commonwealth+think+for+some+timev=onepage& Petzold G. Robert piece of music a circumstantial Review of descriptive or observational seekhttp//www. jstor. org/ motionless/40318228 Bougie roger & sekaran genus Uma (2010), investigate methods for business http//www. oppapers. com/essays/What-Is-Scientific- inquiry-Process/660594. Stephen legg &Andrew martin (2002), analyse the inward sounds of outbound intimidatehttp//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_6931/is_2_6/ai_n28132634/? pock=contentcol1 Barker Lesley (2003), http//www. ehow. om/about_4685513_primary-data_. hypertext mark-up language Haslinger Anders et al(2007), PdF file caller pen (www. souq. com) Appendices 1 Questionnaire In this survey we are going to collect data on the jolt of online shopping on consumer behavior and the information composed will be use for the market Research pouch and strictly the information composed will be unbroken confidential. Respondents no 1. Gender virile pistillate 2. Nationality 3. since when you are obtain Online? 1 month 1-6 month 6-12 month 1 yr 3 years 6 age or more . What are the goods that you purchase online? packets Tickets Gifts Books music Electroni cs If early(a) show The followers questions will be rated jibe to a 5 point carapace such as 5 strongly fit in 4 pit 3 Neutral 2 dissent 1 powerfully resist powerfully take issue dissent Neutral Agree strongly Agree 5 Online shop saves my time. 6 qualification payment is easy by dint of online shopping. 7 The deliverance of the product is too long. 8 I cannot